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Ana Galloway Professor Wendt Research Paper  Immigration Every day, ridiculously high amounts of people are crossing our U.S. borders which we as Americans believe to be safe. In my case I got into the country a little easier. I’m not sure if I am even qualified to talk about what other immigrants are going though emotionally while going though the immigration process. My situation is very different from most: my parents were missionaries in Zambia and they adopted me when I was first born, so my parents were knowledgeable of the process that was ahead and had the money necessary to finish the process. Becoming a citizen of the United States of America will be one of the proudest moments of my life and that of the rest of my family. Today, immigration is one of the leading issues in the 2008 presidential election. The government is trying its hardest to prevent illegal immigrants from crossing over our borders; drastic measures have been taken- fines, fences, surveillance, and physical force. It is very hard to crack down on immigration because of our economy and the high numbers of immigrants that enter every day. As Americans we need the reassurance that something such as 9/11 will not occur again by keeping a watchful eye on our borders this could help. The issue is not that America doesn’t like foreigners; the issue is America as a whole needs to have a handle on who is coming in and who is going out of the country. Personally I can sympathize on both sides of this matter because I myself have not been granted citizenship as a permanent resident of the United States. I am not yet a legal citizen but I am going through the process. I too was born in another country and I decided to move to the U.S. The legal process is not easy and it is not cheap, so it is very feasible to see how one could want a better life for the family and just did not have the means of doing so. It is very likely that most people who cross our borders are good people who just want to make a better life for themselves and their family. We are the land of opportunity and everyone wants that shot at opportunity, some will do whatever it takes to achieve that. Most come here with high hopes of getting in, there is that select group that doesn’t have the same priorities as the rest. People that are only thinking of themselves; It’s those certain few that bring crime into our streets and fear into our hearts. This is why we must monitor our borders and make sure our country is still safe. There are always consequences for breaking the law, unfortunately if the law finds out that you are not a citizen of this country you will be deported and your employer will be fined. Each year we deport countless immigrants who have been flying under the radar for years. Today it is not uncommon for immigrants to become citizens by joining our armed forces. In a Chron article called “A blood commitment” tells you about, “Martinez—a non-citizen—finally fulfilled his dream of becoming a US citizen after waiting for almost four years since he applied. In that time he received shrapnel wounds and suffered from hearing loss from a skirmish in the battle for Fallujah and Iraq, in November, 2007,” (Pinkerton). This is evidence that people will go to drastic measures just in order to become American citizens. “He was one of a handful of service members among 2,708 immigrants from 112 countries who took the citizenship oath administered by the US district judge David Hittner in Houston,” (Pinkerton). Many men and women have risked their lives to become apart something greater. These people, who are not even citizens, have done great things for our country and dedicated more time in dangerous situations than the average citizen does. One of the common reasons that illegal immigrants enter the United States is because the actual legal process is complex and difficult. While reading an article in Azstarnet called “Why don’t immigrants come here legally” written by Brady McCombs, I found that approximately 700,000-850,000 illegal immigrants enter the country each year. By the year 2006, however, there were 1,000,000 illegal immigrants deported. Although we issue about 65,000 visas per year, because the process involves knowledge, money and time many people to do not complete it (McCombs). Hector Arroyo Garcia, has waited 11 years for a green card for his wife and nearly nine years for a green card for his daughter in order to bring them from Mexico—the number of green cards issued in 2006 was 803,335 (McCombs). The numbers for our issued green cards and visa’s are high but the number for people who want to be citizens is even higher. This causes a major problem for America. In addition to the problems caused by the actual citizenship process there are many difficulties that arise from the language barrier. People oftentimes argue that a universal language would dilute the mixture of unique cultures that America is so proud of. This is not the case. In fact there are more benefits to a common language that actually cultural difference. New York City is a prime example of different backgrounds and beliefs coexisting. When immigrants came to the United States through Ellis Island they were willing to embrace the new culture of America and the many different cultures of other immigrant. Instead of rejecting new ideas and lifestyles they meshed and molded with one another in their new environment and still maintained their original heritage. As an effect today there are 170 different spoken languages in New York City yet there is still and official language—English—to bridge the communication gap. Senator John McCain said that he will do anything in his power to help all immigrants learn English (2008…Clinton). Hilary Clinton said it’s not so much we need to all speak one language but we all should know a common language. It may seem as if we are trying to keep other cultures out, that is not the case. America is simply trying to keep tabs on who is in our country. So it is not like America isn’t making it possible for illegal immigrants to become a part of our land. Yes the process is long and dreadful, I’m doing it right now, but it is all worth it in the end. I am currently a college student and I got additional funding because I was born in another country. We, Americans, give out many different things to make it possible for immigrants to enter into our country as we discussed before: visas, green cards, permanent residence etc. We give about 65,000 visas per year to foreigners, and on top of that we issue another 20,000 to foreigners that earn their Masters Degrees in the U.S. (McCombs). That is approximately eighteen to twenty times how many students attend Alma College, Imagine twenty thousand kids at Alma that is a very large number of students. Large Universities such as University of Michigan used to use what they call affirmative action- kids whose ethnic backgrounds were considered unique would have a bigger likelihood of getting accepted. When they put this act into swing it seemed like a good idea so the school could be more diverse but that soon realized that is was very unfair. After reading the article, “Immigration Bills Up but will they Pass?” from the Associated Press website written by Laura Wides-Munoz- I learned that The University of Arizona saved roughly $70,000 last year by identifying illegal immigrants who are ineligible for in-state tuition under a new law, the startup cost of the program was more than double that. The school estimates the annual cost of identifying such student will be equal if not great than the savings (Wides). Schools are making sure that things are getting balanced out, because before they were rewarding those who got around the system. Our system in the United States is obviously not perfect- it has its flaws. Since 9/11 American citizens have felt as if our borders are not properly protected. This is also another important area when it comes to immigration, due to the fact you have to cross one of our borders to enter into the U.S. This is most evident with illegal aliens crossing over the border dividing the U.S. and Mexico and Canada and Mexico. Even though the terrorists from the 9/11 attack crossed over the Canada border we still think the most harmful border being crossed is the one we have with Mexico. In a CNN Politics article called “Primaries and Caucuses” they tell the public that both Obama and Clinton voted in favor of constructing a 700 mile fence along the U.S. and Mexico’s borders. This is to help insure American citizen’s safety, if this act was supposed to insure our safety why don’t we also put up fences on our Northern borders? Currently we are building the 700 mile fence, adding surveillance, and border control. We are doing everything we can think of to prevent people from entering the country across our southern borders (Primaries). It seems as if we are just zeroing in on that border. Mind you most people that come across the border are trying to make a better life for themselves but once they get over here our society won’t allow it. I find it odd that while so many Americans are against immigration most of their consumer products come from all different countries and bear numerous languages—mostly Spanish. It is quite interesting that presidential candidate Barack Obama voted to authorize a 700 mile fence to be constructed along the US-Mexico border to keep immigrants out of the country but on his campaign website it says “For Spanish: Click Here.”  McCain, “Americans make it possible for immigrants to do the work Americans won’t do (CNN).” McCain also goes to say that we should secure the borders but we should have “guest workers”. We give the immigrants the dirty jobs and complain they are stealing all of our jobs but in reality they are willing to do the jobs no one else will do. Found on NPR in “2008 Election Issues: Immigration” written by Jennifer Ludden and Katerina Valdivieso was Hilary Clinton, presidential candidate, backed a proposal that would legalize some farm workers so they could stay here in America (Ludden). Employers are willing to pay illegal immigrants to work for them because they can afford to pay them at such low cost. Immigration is now taking a back seat to our shortage in our economy (Wides). In the article “Why don’t all immigrants come here legally?” written by Brady McCombs on March 9, 2008, Ira Mehlman says, “The reason we have limits in the first place is not because we want to be mean to people, he says. “Immigration doesn’t only affect the immigrants themselves and their direct employers, it affects the rest of us, and those interests should be taken into effect, too. In fact it should be the primary interest.”  This brings to mind a whole new issue how are we as a country going to stop illegal immigration if employers are willing to back it? There was an incident in California where a famer put in an ad for farm help at minimum wage and higher for farm help he specifically put in that add he would only hire American citizens, he ran the ad for a good two weeks and no one called about the job. A week or so later he re-ran the same add and took out the part about only hiring U.S. citizens; he got hundreds of calls about the jobs offered. Why should employers stop hiring people that are willing to do the work, efficiently for low pay, for an employer this is a dream come true. Immigration is a multifaceted issue the government doesn’t want people enter our country illegally and we also put a cap on how many bodies can enter our country and we make the process very long and grueling- I can say this because I am going through it right now. For much of the process you must be well educated to understand the entire legal process, or be able to hire someone who understands it. Immigrants want to come to our country to make a better life for themselves and their families, but they are usually too poor to pay for their whole family to go through the legal process and often times not educated enough. America makes it almost impossible for people to enter into our country the “legal” way. I being a non citizen am very blessed because my family is well educated and we have the means to complete the process of citizenship. I can see how many immigrants may feel option for a better life, even if that means risking their lives. It is a high price they pay for the freedom for living on the wrong side of the border. If people that are not from this country and they see the potential for greatness and they can see that America is worth fighting for; immigrants should be allowed in our country. Most Americans have not had to fight for their freedom it has been handed to them by birth. Immigrants are willing to fight for the American dream, and they haven’t even seen the benefits from their hard work; I find this to be very disheartening. When immigrants are let into our country they are doing much of the grunt work Americans are not willing to do. People all over are complaining that there are no jobs, this is not the case the jobs that are out there Americans feel as if they are above those jobs. Immigrants are willing to come into our country help out our economy by taking on the jobs that Americans are not willing to do. I feel that if immigrants are willing to work their way up in society as others have done, serve and protect our country by joining our military, and pick up the slack in our economy where America is lacking I say come join our melting pot. It is the perfect time for a change, with the presidential elections coming up and all of these immigration issues being brought to the table. Illegal immigration is not an issue to be taken lightly, if the Politian’s are taking an interest in this matter so should the general public. I believe the public should take an interest in illegal immigration because politicians have many issues they are entitled to cover and if immigration is one of the most talked about issues for the 2008 election it must be pretty important. From all of the statistics and plans I found, politicians are doing their best trying to figure out what will work best. Whichever candidate gets elected will do a great job cracking down on illegal immigration because they all have promising plans. I just most you to remember most of your ancestors didn’t arrive here on the Mayflower, they entered into to American through Ellis Island; so next time you are quick to judge those who are not yet citizens remember your ancestors did the same things.
 * The Problem **
 * Multiculturalism **
 * Safety Measures **
 * <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'">My Argument **

Paper Proposal My most important concern for the 2008 election is health care. I am really interested in having everyone covered with free or low costing health care. Obama supports health care for those who can't afford it themselves. He wants to start an insurance policy for public health care, I believe this is a great idea. Clinton wants to do something similiar but I am not quite sure what it is. Health care is a very important issue to me.

I believe that immigration is a very important issue in the 2008 election. I being from another country feel that this issue hits close to home. I don’t believe people should be able to fly under the radar in this country, it is putting the whole countries safety in jeopardy. I firmly believe that if aliens want to be a part of this country they should all go through the same legalization process that I went though. I agree with Obama and Clinton on his stand against immigrants and protecting the borders. Both of these democratic perspectives support bush-backed immigration reform legislation, which increases funding, improves border security etc. (CNN) and they both feel the need to create a 700 mile fence to increase the safety along the border. Huckabee is opposed to allowing immigrants to obtain a drivers licenses and is also opposed to employers hiring illegal immigrants. McCain is in agreance with Obama and Clinton, the only difference is that McCain was a co-Supporter. All of my information about the candidates I obtained from the CNN website.

Iraq has been an issue for quite some time now. Personally I feel that we should take our troops out because if have so many issues in America we should tackle before we go into another country and try to solve their problems. The prospective democratic candidates of the 2008 election feel the same way. Obama opposes the using military force and he voted for removal of the troops for March of 2008. At the beginning Clinton supported military force in Iraq, now she admits that if she would have known this was going to happened seven years later she would not have voted the same way. I agree with both Obama and Clinton, I strongly feel we should get out Troops out of Iraq. I am a republican, but this year it seems as if I disagree with most of the views on the republican side; McCain supports having troops overseas and supports Bush’s idea of sending more, and Huckabee supports Bush’s Iraq Policy.

GROUP CONFRENCE PAPERS
 * Paper 1

Im not quite sure how to end this paper and if i have enough examples of things to make it close to home. Also i cant think of a four line sentence. FEAR**

Death, heights, rejection, vulnerability, snakes, spiders, failure, pregnancy, drowning, rape, fights, social labels, gaining weight, sadness, success, boys, but the thing that I fear the most is the uncertainty of my future. I just named sixteen things I fear the most, everyone has different thoughts on the word fear. My definition of fear is the anxiety and nervous tendencies towards the unknown. I connect the word fear with the word hatred because often times I find myself self feeling afraid and I hate the feeling, when I’m not in control. In addition, it is the things I hate that I find myself the most afraid of. Some maybe never know how it feels to dance in public, because they are afraid people might laugh at them. It is always easier to knock things then to be open to them. Years from now the common way of living could be an alternative lifestyle. Years ago it was considered social suicide to be divorced, now it isn’t considered weird to be divorced once or twice. I think before it was the fear of losing your place in society. Nobody should be able to stop you from feeling something or lack thereof (unless it is harmful to yourself or someone else) by simply making you feel bad. I feel that there are many different types of fear. The fear of experience, the survival fear, fear of society and the fear of the unknown have the biggest effect on my life. My sister says that she hates driving in the snow. She has been in three car accidents due to winter road conditions. She has said before she doesn’t hate snow she is just afraid that when she drives while it snowing the roads become icy and she could lose control of her vehicle. For my sister, her fear is all about previous and negative experiences. It’s like watching a scary movie--it is not as scary after you have seen the movie a few times because you know when the scary parts are going to happen. Or if you are like me the second time around you know when to close your eyes and plug your ears. However, for Marily this is not the case, it is the exact opposite. Sometimes you must confront fears of things that you experienced in order to overcome them. My cousin’s fiancé is scared of animals with small faces, she says that since she watched the movie Gremlins, she has always been afraid of small faced animals. My cousin Travis is deathly afraid of clowns, because of the movie “It”. I have not met one person who isn’t scared of something. While my cousin and his fiancés fears are unrealistic in general it is human nature to harbor fear. In fact I think fear is a common emotion. If a car is coming at you ninety miles an hour and you just stand there because you aren’t afraid chances are you will die; now if a car was approaching you at ninety miles an hour and you feared that your life was at risk and you moved you have a better likely hood of survival. While I have many personal experiences with fear, fear also takes on a scientific role in the animal world. The fight or flight mechanism in most animals, including humans, is simply a tool that we use to decide when and when not to confront our fears. When some people come in contact with spiders they immediately weigh their options and risks and decide to either leave the area of the spider or to kill it. Or for instant with only animals, a porcupine feeling endangered may either use its spikes as a defense mechanism or it may simply run away. For animals, fear is an emotion used for survival. Feeling as if you are a social outcast is never longed for, especially in high school. I love to dance it is so much fun, and in high school I lived for homecoming. I was the type of girl would go get her hair, nails and make up done for all of the formal dances. So it was only natural for me to freak out a week or two before the dance if I didn’t have a date. In my mind it was humiliating to not be asked to go to a dance, that meant you were a social outcast no one took interest in you. Nobody wants to feel like they aren’t good enough. Freshmen year three days before homecoming my boyfriend dumped me. He told me he would save me a dance at the homecoming dance. Save me a dance? I was not about to go to homecoming by myself and run the risk of seeing him there possibly with another girl with me not having a date, so I went to a friend’s house instead. Of course I didn’t think to ask anyone to go to the dance with me because I could (same thing the guy goes through) runs the risk of getting shot down. I had enough rejection that week I didn’t think I could take anymore. I will never know if I would have had fun at the dance or not. All I know is that I had a lot of fun at my friend’s house. This was a childish fear of straying from social norms. This fear is common among this day in age. Our society has created a façade about what is and is not socially acceptable. We have crippled our natural instincts to do as we wish in order conform. The next year I went to Homecoming “stag.” I decided not be afraid of what other people would think or say about me. I just wanted to enjoy myself. That was definitely the most fun I ever had at a High School dance. Because I was able to confront me fear of the High School society I was able to do what I wanted for me. An additional type of fear that holds the most ground in my life is the fear of the unknown. Love, future and career are all things that I feel hold me back in certain aspects of my life. I am afraid of these things, and most importantly the future, because I do not know what they will hold for me. Currently, I am a freshman in college and I—like many others—am undecided as to a major or minor. I am scared when people ask me what I want to do with my life, and how I am going to get there because in reality—I do not know. There are things that I am interested in and things that I //think// I would like but I just do not know if they will make me happy. I do not know if I will be content and satisfied. I do not if they will ever even happen. Not knowing is my biggest fear. On a different level, fear of the larger unknowns is even more frightening. The fear of the inevitable—death—is bigger than me. This is not some small fear that I alone bear, it is universal. It is in part so frightening because not only is it definite, it impossible to define. I spent my whole life believing in something larger than myself—a bigger force—but in reality I wonder if there is life after death. Are all of the things I am doing right now going to have an effect when I am gone? My dad is a pastor and my family firmly believes in the importance of attending church every Sunday. This is tradition. The last four years every winter I have had basketball most Sundays. Does this mean that have a different after-life than my family and those that attend church regularly? This is an uncertainty and therefore it is a fear of mine.

It is fear itself that makes people


 * Paper 2

This paper's direction kinda gets screwed up and i dont know if what to leave and what to take out. I just added the second paragraph today and Ms. Wendt said that is what my whole paper shoudl be about but i am having a hard mixing my story in with the authors.**

<span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">In the article “Should English be the Official Language in the USA?” written by Victoria Leslie she discuses whether or not English should be the official language of the USA.. The purpose of this article was to persuade the reader that English should be the official language of the United States of America. Leslie talks about how not having an official language makes things more challenging in the work place and every day-to-day life. I firmly agree with Victoria Leslie when I say English should be the official Language of America. <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">As a native of Zambia I like many Americans had to adjust to the culture of this country. My Parents were missionaries in Africa they adopted me when I was still a newborn. To paint a picture for you all of my family is white and very much so Americanized they were living in a town with mostly black Africans from tribes. My family quickly adopted the African way of life: language, culture, rituals, and an acquired taste for ants. Our house keeper Anna, would help us all to learn Tonga. If my family would have never learned the language there wouldn’t have been a way for them to communicate with the outside world, chickenkata even though the official language of Zambia is English.I spoke Tonga prior to coming to the United States and have since then adopted the American language and culture. I feel that it is the responsibility of others to do the same. If the official language of an African country is English, why isn’t that the same in the country who was founded by the English? <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"> <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">We have started putting directions on things in English and Spanish, but we are accommodating all other languages that are spoken here. "We are a diverse culture with many diffident languages why should the person from Russia be afforded any differently (Leslie). Our schooling systems and language barriers is discussed and how it teaches people about other cultures and experiences. After reading “Should English be the official language in the USA”, I believe that is muy importa (very important) for English to be the official language in the USA. Yes America is a melting pot of all different cultures--- there was a time when it was important to people to learn English. “My father only spoke Italian until he was five. The school sent him home until he learned English (Leslie).” People understood the importance of a national language so that everyone could communicate. We have fought for every privilege we have in this country: land, culture, and the language. There are so many people coming to America if you want to adopt this way of life you should be able to speak the language. Imagine if you went to McDonalds and you had to order una hambergeesa con queso (cheese burger), you would have to learn Spanish just to eat fast food <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">. Leslie talks about how companies have to go through the trouble of finding someone to translate. One danger could be that the translator does not translate every sentence word for word which would complicate things for both parties and in turn the translator might have more questions and so on. "Many conversations, finding someone at every step of the way to make sure everyone understands what is going on. What if the person interpreting is wrong" (Leslie). This could affect the companies in a negative way, in turn they could be out a large sum of money. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">In addition to the natural confusion of not having English as a national language, the practicality of adopting English is monumental. Simply put, more people in the United States speak English as opposed to other languages. Being a country founded by English speaking for fathers it makes sense that several hundred years later people still maintain the original language. In Mexico--where most people speak Spanish--the language follows suit. In a democratic nation where the majority rules, it is reasonable to apply a similar philosophy to the national language. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">With the help of the internet it has become easier for people across the globe to communicate, and English is the most commonly used language found on the web. Countries half way around the world are conforming and following in the footsteps of our American ways. For example, in the upcoming summer Olympics China is making it mandatory for every citizen to speak English to eliminate language barriers; I believe that it should be equally important for our country to implement the same standards. As a major world leader, the United States has had a huge impact on the actions of other countries--especially when it comes to language. Highway signs in New Delhi, Shanghai and parts of Europe alike read in English as well as their native language. When nations across the globe are adapting to our culture it is only appropriate that we do the same. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"> For simplicity, practicality and nationality’s sake, the United States of America should designate English as the national language. I reiterate the fact I agree with Victoria Leslie in <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">“Should English be the National Language in the USA?” I stress this point because I feel that if people desire to immigrate and imitate the American dream then they should be willing to learn our language as well.

2. Please write Journal 3 in your wiki page (and label it with "Journal 3" and the date). Here is the prompt: When you wrote paper number two on the definition of a word, what specific argument strategies did you use? Why did you choose these specific strategies? Did you feel that they helped you organize your argument, or did using them make it more difficult for you to write? Why do you think this was so? How do you feel about your logos, pathos, and ethos in this piece?

February 6 Journal 3 In this last paper I wrote about the word fear. Some different stategies that I used were districption. At the beginging of my paper I tried a compare all the things that I as a teen fear. I feel like my first sentence really pulls you in, because I could name numerous people that fear some of the same things. By doing so I also compared them in a way because they are not of the same categories, rejection and spiders. I feel as if i had great ethos in my paper, I tried to get the reader to feel how I felt at certain times. When i talked about the homecoming and the fear of going alone, I tried to use illistration by telling you how I felt and how devistated I was. I also tried to use discription by describing what I believe to be the main types of fear: expirence, survival, unknown, and society. I tried to describe how all of these pertain to my life and how they are easy to relate to yours. I belive I used critical thinking and logos through out the whole paper, I was trying to get the reader to think about things as they read my paper. Pathos wasnt really involved much in my paper because I didnt necessarily to do something about their fear, I just wanted them to agree with my definition of fear.

February 4 I dont have my final paragraph yet im trying to think of a creative way to tie everything together. My first paragraph needs some work also.

Death, heights, rejection, vulnerability, snakes, spiders, failure, pregnancy, drowning, rape, fights, social labels, gaining weight, sadness, success, boys, but the thing that I fear the most is the uncertainty of my future. I just named sixteen things I fear the most, everyone has different thoughts on the word fear. My definition of fear is the anxiety and nervous tendencies towards the unknown. I connect the word fear with the word hatred because often times I find myself self feeling afraid and I hate the feeling, when I’m not in control. In addition, it is the things I hate that I find myself the most afraid of. Some maybe never know how it feels to dance in public, because they are afraid people might laugh at them. It is always easier to knock things then to be open to them. Years from now the common way of living could be an alternative lifestyle. Years ago it was considered social suicide to be divorced, now it isn’t considered weird to be divorced once or twice. I think before it was the fear of losing your place in society. Nobody should be able to stop you from feeling something or lack thereof (unless it is harmful to yourself or someone else) by simply making you feel bad. I feel that there are many different types of fear. The fear of experience, the survival fear, fear of society and the fear of the unknown have the biggest effect on my life. My sister says that she hates driving in the snow. She has been in three car accidents due to winter road conditions. She has said before she doesn’t hate snow she is just afraid that when she drives while it snowing the roads become icy and she could lose control of her vehicle. For my sister, her fear is all about previous and negative experiences. It’s like watching a scary movie--it is not as scary after you have seen the movie a few times because you know when the scary parts are going to happen. Or if you are like me the second time around you know when to close your eyes and plug your ears. However, for Marily this is not the case, it is the exact opposite. Sometimes you must confront fears of things that you experienced in order to overcome them. My cousin’s fiancé is scared of animals with small faces, she says that since she watched the movie Gremlins, she has always been afraid of small faced animals. My cousin Travis is deathly afraid of clowns, because of the movie “It”. I have not met one person who isn’t scared of something. While my cousin and his fiancés fears are unrealistic in general it is human nature to harbor fear. In fact I think fear is a common emotion. If a car is coming at you ninety miles an hour and you just stand there because you aren’t afraid chances are you will die; now if a car was approaching you at ninety miles an hour and you feared that your life was at risk and you moved you have a better likely hood of survival. While I have many personal experiences with fear, fear also takes on a scientific role in the animal world. The fight or flight mechanism in most animals, including humans, is simply a tool that we use to decide when and when not to confront our fears. When some people come in contact with spiders they immediately weigh their options and risks and decide to either leave the area of the spider or to kill it. Or for instant with only animals, a porcupine feeling endangered may either use its spikes as a defense mechanism or it may simply run away. For animals, fear is an emotion used for survival. Feeling as if you are a social outcast is never longed for, especially in high school. I love to dance it is so much fun, and in high school I lived for homecoming. I was the type of girl would go get her hair, nails and make up done for all of the formal dances. So it was only natural for me to freak out a week or two before the dance if I didn’t have a date. In my mind it was humiliating to not be asked to go to a dance, that meant you were a social outcast no one took interest in you. Nobody wants to feel like they aren’t good enough. Freshmen year three days before homecoming my boyfriend dumped me. He told me he would save me a dance at the homecoming dance. Save me a dance? I was not about to go to homecoming by myself and run the risk of seeing him there possibly with another girl with me not having a date, so I went to a friend’s house instead. Of course I didn’t think to ask anyone to go to the dance with me because I could (same thing the guy goes through) runs the risk of getting shot down. I had enough rejection that week I didn’t think I could take anymore. I will never know if I would have had fun at the dance or not. All I know is that I had a lot of fun at my friend’s house. This was a childish fear of straying from social norms. This fear is common among this day in age. Our society has created a façade about what is and is not socially acceptable. We have crippled our natural instincts to do as we wish in order conform. The next year I went to Homecoming “stag.” I decided not be afraid of what other people would think or say about me. I just wanted to enjoy myself. That was definitely the most fun I ever had at a High School dance. Because I was able to confront me fear of the High School society I was able to do what I wanted for me. An additional type of fear that holds the most ground in my life is the fear of the unknown. Love, future and career are all things that I feel hold me back in certain aspects of my life. I am afraid of these things, and most importantly the future, because I do not know what they will hold for me. Currently, I am a freshman in college and I—like many others—am undecided as to a major or minor. I am scared when people ask me what I want to do with my life, and how I am going to get there because in reality—I do not know. There are things that I am interested in and things that I //think// I would like but I just do not know if they will make me happy. I do not know if I will be content and satisfied. I do not if they will ever even happen. Not knowing is my biggest fear. On a different level, fear of the larger unknowns is even more frightening. The fear of the inevitable—death—is bigger than me. This is not some small fear that I alone bear, it is universal. It is in part so frightening because not only is it definite, it impossible to define. I spent my whole life believing in something larger than myself—a bigger force—but in reality I wonder if there is life after death. Are all of the things I am doing right now going to have an effect when I am gone? My dad is a pastor and my family firmly believes in the importance of attending church every Sunday. This is tradition. The last four years every winter I have had basketball most Sundays. Does this mean that have a different after-life than my family and those that attend church regularly? This is an uncertainty and therefore it is a fear of mine. It is fear itself that makes people

January 30 Please write up your "side" of the debate. First be sure to have a definition of "brute," then argue for that definition using the essay. It's good to find ways that both the patient and the doctor fit your definition, although one will fi the defintion more closely--or perhaps not at all. Please complete this and paste it into your personal wiki page.

Brute: Someone who acts forcfully without thought

In the story Brute written by Richard Selzer depicts a man who let his emotions get the best of him. The story is about a doctor who was tired one night and descides to abuse his power just so he can feel in control over a pacient that he is clearly intimidated by. A patient comes into the ER around 2 o'clock in the morning. The patient is in handcuffs seems to be unruly but he seems to be heavily entoxicated. Even though the patient is entoxicated the doctor says, " There is a vast dignity about him. He keeps his own council." So, even though the patient is under the influence he still seems like a guy with some pride. The doctor explains how has had a long day and he is exhauxed, tired to the bone. The patient wouldnt listen when the doctor insisted for him to hold still and he started getting mouthy. The doctor had the smart idea to sew the patients earlobs to the table. After doing so he leans in with smoke pooring from his nostrils wipes the blood from the patients face and wispers, "Now you fucking hold still." He proceeds to say, "Move and you'll rip them off." " I grined the crulest grin of my life, torturers must grin like that, beheaders and operatator's of the rack." The doctor quickly became the brute in the story because he abused his power. He supossed to be someone you turn to when you are in trouble, he is not supposed to torture you. The doctor has a job to do and he is supposed to be professional. At the same time the patient has brute like qualities, it took four police to rangle him. It says that he is scarred like a zulu warrior and that as a habit he ascends to combat. So he definitely fit my definition for the word brute: Someone who acts forcfully without thought. The doctor could have used other ways to calm down the patient. The doctor admits that till this day it haunts his dreams, the doctor knew what he did was wrong so therefore he was the most brute like.

January 28 Fear __Eytomology of Fear:__

[|**fear (n.)**] O.E. //fær// "danger, peril," from P.Gmc. //*færa// (cf. O.S. //far// "ambush," O.N. //far// "harm, distress, deception," Ger. //Gefahr// "danger"), from PIE base //*per-// "to try, risk, come over, go through" (perhaps connected with Gk. //peira// "trial, attempt, experience," L. //periculum// "trial, risk, danger"). Sense of "uneasiness caused by possible danger" developed c.1175. The v. is from O.E. //færan// "terrify, frighten," originally transitive (sense preserved in archaic //I fear me//). Sense of "feel fear" is 1393. O.E. words for "fear" as we now use it were //ege, fyrhto;// as a verb, //ondrædan//. //Fearsome// is attested from 1768. http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=fear

wikipedia The English term "fear" originally comes from the [|Latin] term //Feanis// meaning "calamity, disaster". The Old English term //fǣr// meant not the //emotion// engendered by a calamity or disaster but rather the event itself. The first recorded usage of the term "fear" with the sense of the “emotion of fear” is found in a medieval work written in Middle English and composed around 1290. The most probable explanation for the change in the meaning of the word fear is the existence in Old English of the related verb fǣran, which meant “to terrify, take by surprise.”

January 24 Ana Galloway Professor Wendt January 23, 2008

In the article “Should English be the Official Language in the USA?” written by Victoria Leslie discuses weather English should be the official language of the USA.. The purpose of this article was to persuade the reader that English should be the official language of the United States of America. Leslie talks about how by not having an official langue makes things more challenging in the work place and every day-to-day life. I firmly agree with Victoria Leslie when I say English should be the official Language of America. We have started putting directions on things in English and Spanish, but we are accommodating all other languages that are spoken here. "We are a diverse culture with many diffident languages why should the person from Russia be afforded any differently (Leslie). Our schooling systems and language barriers is discussed and how it teaches people about other cultures and experiences. After reading “Should English be the official language in the USA”, I believe that is muy importa (very important) for English to be the official language in the USA. Yes America is a melting of all different cultures--- there was a time when it was important to people to learn English. “My father only spoke Italian until he was five. The school sent him home until he learned English (Leslie).” People understood the importance of a national language so that everyone could communicate. We have fought for every privilege we have in this country: land, culture, and the language. There are so many people coming to America if you want to adopt this way of life you should be able to speak the language. Imagine if you went to McDonalds and you had to order una hambergeesa con queso (cheese burger), you would have to learn Spanish just to eat fast food. Leslie talks about how the company has to go through the trouble of finding someone to translate. One danger could be that the translator does not translate every sentence word for word which would complicate things for both parties and in turn the translator might have more questions and so on. "Many conversations, finding someone at every step of the way to make sure everyone understands what is going on. What if the person interpreting is wrong" (Leslie). In addition to the natural confusion of not having English as a national language, the practicality of adopting English is monumental. Simply put, more people in the United States speak English as opposed to other languages. Being a country founded by English speaking for-fathers it makes sense that several hundred years later people still maintain the original language. In Mexico--where most people speak Spanish--the language follows suit. In a democratic nation where the majority rules, it is reasonable to apply a similar philosophy to the national language. With the help of the internet it has become easier for people across the globe to communicate and English is the most commonly used language found on the web. Countries half way around the world are conforming and following in the footsteps of our American ways. For example, in the upcoming summer Olympics Japan is making it mandatory for every citizen to speak English to eliminate language barriers; I believe that it should be equally important for our country to implement the same standards. As a major world leader, the United States has had a huge impact on the actions of other countries--especially when it comes to language. Highway signs in New Delhi, Shanghai and parts of Europe alike read in English as well as their native language. When nations across the globe are adapting to our culture it is only appropriate that we do the same. For simplicity, practicality and nationality’s sake, the United States of America should designate English as the national language. I reiterate the fact I agree with Victoria Leslie in “Should English be the Official Language in the USA?” I stress this point because I feel that if people desire to immigrate and imitate the American dream then they should be willing to learn our language as well. As a native of Zambia I like many Americans had to adjust to the culture of this country. I spoke Tanga prior to coming to the United States and have since then adopted the American language and culture. I feel that it is the responsibility of others to do the same.

January 20

I chose one of the articles that had to do with a language barrier, "Should Enlish be the Official Language in the USA?" by Victoria Leslie. The purpose of this article was to persuade the reader that English should be the official language of the United States of Amercia. The author discusses how America feels as if we should always be politically correct. We have started putting derictions on things in English and Spanish, but we are accomodating all other languages that are spoken here. "We are a diverse culture with many diffetnet languages why shoudl the perosn from Russia be afforded any differently (Leslie). Our schooling systems and language barriers is discussed and how it teaches people about other cultures and expierences. Finally she discusses different languages in the work place and in public places, and how this isnt always a positive thing.

The author talks about the language barriers that are encountard in the work place in a nagative way. Leslie talks about how the company has to go throught the trouble of finding someone to translate. One danger could be that the translator doesn't translate every sentence word for word which would complicate things for both parties and in turn the transalatee migh have more questions and so on. "Many conversations, finding someone at every step of the way to make sure everyone understands what is going on. What if the interperater is wrong (Leslie)?"

She has some very important arguements they are all very logical it is that that on some of them she didn't go too far into detail. Leslie argues that if we are going to make accomodations for one grop of forgiegn speaking group why dont we do it for all the rest? If we are going to start being politically correct we need to for all of our groups russians, italians, muslims etc. That was one her points that she did a good job elaborating on, one that she didn't do quite as well on was that children were failing school because of this language barrier. "Groups of children who stuggle wiht home and school, falling behind and possibly failing (Leslie)." She doesnt going into detail about it she does have and evidence, and she doesn't say anything else about it. So it makes it seem non crediable, it just seems like a vague statement or opinion. The logos of this paper is very poor, there are very little facts in the article. As well as the logos the ethos is poor mostly because the reader doesnt know if the author is crediable. A good aspect of the writing is that you can hear the authors tone through out the paper. You can tell when she is using cynicism, "English the official language of the USA, right next to mom & apple pie (Leslie)." Leslie does a great job with pathos through out the article she does a great job playing on your emotions. She brings up someone you feel as if you can relate to, a fatherly figure. Leslie has the reader sympathize with her father because years ago he was forced to learn english or he couldnt continue his learning in school. Now days encourage students to take a foreign language. "My father only spoke Italian until he was five. The school sent him home until he learned English (Leslie)." Most people can relate to this because they have or they know someone who has been discriminated against because of they're ethnicity so inturn you sympathize.

I feel as if the article has major potential to be greater then what you get out of it the first time. Since i found the article on a site that most younger people wouldn't visit I believe the targeted audience is for middle ageded adults. I also came to that conclusion because the author uses situations that adults have probably encountered or could relate to in some way. You can see for your self http://www.helium.com/tm/375344/english-should-official-language

January 15 Also your first journal entry, to be posted on your own personal wiki page (go to your class, then your name, and "edit this page" then type in your journal entry and click on "save") Be sure to date your entry. Here is the prompt: In the past you have probably never paid attention to whether or not you were appealing to your readers' logic, emotion, or character. Go back and think of times when you have written and have done so. Do you have an idea of how to appeal to your reader? What of these three appeals will you need to work on the most? Are you good at giving examples? Are you pretty logical? Do you know how to sound like a good, moral person? Spend some time writing about these three appeals and how you perhaps compare to the author you are analyzing and how you measure up and what you need to work on.

The other day in class we had to write a paragraph on style. I wrote about my mom and her traits and qualities. We read our style paragraphs in class and we all started to hear something all of our papers were lacking--interest. We would describe something and not have examples. There was nothing to spice up our papers, nothing to make the reader want to read more. Since, I have tried harder to incorperate more examples in my writing. I find that these specific anecdotes really grab the readers attention and help them to ease into the topic.

Reflecting on papers I have written in the past I realize that I am always more likely to use pathos. The best papers that I have ever written were about things that I was passionate about. I used to write about basketball a lot in High School, but now that I think about it I definently wrote with a feirce desire to convince the reader but I rarely used statistcs and outside sources and I only occasionally used examples from my own experience.

Of the three appeals, I definenltly need to work on my logos. When ever I read really good and convincing articles in magazines and newpapers, they have a significant amount of pathos but perhaps the most effective parts are the hard, cold facts. For example, I could argue indefinently about whether or not participating in athlectics is good for a rounded education but unless I had a specific study or research for a foundation, any reader could argue against my point.

Since we began to learn about logos, pathos and ethos I have started to understand how important it is to writing and how it can essentially bridge the gap between a mediocre and well-written paper.